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Kurioza naukowe / Scientific curiosities ISSN 1176-7545; rok VII; No 1523 |
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Jedno zdumienie dziennie... |
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Sztuczne serce.
*) Niedostatek ten nadrabiany bywa dla bogaczy przez chiński wymiar sprawiedliwości. Za ok. 100.000 $ można dostać świeżutką wątrobę prosto po egzekucji. Nie znalazłem ceny serca, ale pewnie też jest do nabycia. W Chinach dokonuje się przynajmniej 1700 egzekucji rocznie (2005), a skazańcy oddają swoje narządy jako dar dla ludzkości. Bardzo szlachetni to skazańcy.. [QEP42::043] Artificial heart. The idea of an artificial apparatus which, implanted into, or connected with, a living organism could fulfil the functions of a natural component has quite a long history behind it. Knowledge of the functioning of a live organism, the development of precision mechanics, of micromanipulation, of microsurgery, and technology of materials, as early as in 1943 permitted the construction of an ‘artificial kidney’ – a machine performing the dialysis of blood. This was the achievement of Willem Kloff in Holland, and since then artificial kidneys have performed an irreplaceable role in medicine. Robert Koffler Jarvik (b.1946) undertook a more ambitious task. Intrigued by the successful heart transplant achieved in 1967, he decided to construct an artificial heart, because he was well aware of the scarcity of the natural donors*). He patented the first artificial heart in 1977 under the name of ‘Jarvik-7’, and in 1982 the apparatus (shown here held in his hand) was implanted into a patient who survived with it a further 112 days. The longest surviving patient so far has beem William Schroeder (USA) who survived with one 620 days. A total of eighty such implants were carried out to the end of the eighties. As the figures show, the method is still not entirely successful. An artificial heart increases the risk of blood clots, heart attack, haemorrhaging and re-infections. By comparison, a patient with a human heart transplant survived a further 27 years (Dirk van Zyl in South Afrika). At the turn of the century Jarvik began work on the improvement of his invention. ‘Jarvik-2000 (illustrated) is connected with a control apparatus, size of a coin, connected with a battery worn on the belt. *) This shortfall is made up for the wealthy by the Chinese justice system. For approximately $100,000 one can obtain the freshest liver, straight from the execution. I did not succeed in obtaining the price of a heart, but am sure that it too can be purchased. In China at least 1700 executions take place each year, and the condemned donate their organs as a gift to mankind. Very noble condemned men they are.. [QZE00::066];ART39004p212,213;No:
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